I don't think so. I believe they have logs but if I remember correctly, in the terms of service, SE claims no responsibility for lost data.
As for backups, I believe there are periodic moments that you're character data is saved throughout your play session. When you logout/shutdown, your character data should also be saved.
I have not encountered this problem, nor do I know the workings of SE, so I cannot say for certain. But if a character is erased, they may be able to roll back the character to its last save.