Pensive wrote:
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Have you considered that they might be poor and oppressed exactly because no one has consistently applied those rules?
The @#%^?
Where do you think they recruit from? I'm talking about a cycle of violence going on in some nations. A small group of people decide that they don't like "the rules", and fight against them using tactics of violence and fear. This creates backlash both domestically and internationally, adding to the poverty and oppression of those living in proximity. This in turn makes recruitment of the next generation of fighters that much easier.
Are those potential recruits poor and oppressed because of the actions of the very people they are joining, or because of those who fight to maintain "the rules"? Would they be better off if the latter group stopped?
It's a bit of a chicken and egg question, isn't it? The problem is what will make that small angry group stop doing violence? Will they stop if they are allowed to live free of rules? Will they stop only if they gain control of their own country? Will they only stop when the entire world acts and believes as they do? An historical look at countries like Afghanistan, Iran, and the Palestinian territories gives us a pretty decent guess. Historically, groups like that *don't* stop when allowed to "win". They keep doing what they did to gain power. Leaving them alone just increases the scale of their violence. It generally doesn't stop it.
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Before you respond to any of this, notice the premise please. If terrorism is not the tool of the oppressed, then the conclusions do not follow. I am of course presenting a highly Romantic ideal of terrorism as a weapon of necessity; it might not be the case that this is true.
Let's make a distinction between "terrorists" and "unlawful combatants". While there's certainly a lot of overlap (especially in recent context), and unfortunately, the term "terrorists" gets over-applied, they really are different things.
Unlawful combatants are using tactics that would qualify as a method of desperation. They know they can't win against a larger and more powerful force by following the rules of war (ie: Geneva Conventions), so they don't. They hide among civilians to conduct attacks. Obviously, a group of terrorists will tend to use these tactics if they are in a situation to do so, but that's not actually the same as "terrorism". It's hard to say whether that's "romantic" or not though. If they're fighting said oppression with a goal of freeing "the people" from it, maybe. Unfortunately, it seems as though more often than not, their methods derive from their own sense of the value of "the people" (ie: expendable).
Terrorism is the use of violence (or fear of violence) by a person or group to impose political changes they cannot affect by legal means. The act itself does not make something terrorism. The objective of the act does. If the act is the objective, it's generally not terrorism. It may still be "unlawful", however. If I blow up a federal building because I like to blow up buildings, that's not terrorism. If I blow up a federal building because I want the federal government to change some policy, then it is terrorism.
When Hamas launches rockets into Israel, that's *not* terrorism. Not because they aren't attempting to affect political change, but because they are the "legal" authority in Gaza, and are technically in a state of war (they ripped up a cease fire agreement and began firing). However, hiding those rockets in civilian apartment buildings and transporting them by using ambulances falls under the heading of "unlawful combat" (violation of the Geneva Conventions).
So. To address your assumption, I'd say that terrorism is not strictly a tool of the oppressed. I'd suggest that the victims of oppression are often used as tools of terrorism, but those directing their actions are usually not oppressed themselves. They have political objectives and know that using angry/oppressed people as weapons is an effective way of obtaining them. OBL could not under any circumstances be identified as "oppressed", and I think you'll find a surprisingly high number of people who form the core leadership of terrorist groups tend to come from wealthy and educated backgrounds. Bankers, former politicians, wealthy businessmen, etc tend to form and lead these groups. The guys strapping the bombs to themselves tend to be the poor folk (funny how the same dynamic seems to apply on either side of "the rules").
IMO, the larger question isn't about the methods (although that's certainly relevant when considering whether someone can or should be detained at a place like Gitmo), but about goals. Regardless of how romantic the notion of a small band fighting for their cause may be, if their cause is to create a brutal regime in which they get to rule over everyone around them, then it's worth fighting against. And even more sadly, it seems as though the sort of tactics we're discussing tend to become institutionalized over time. The leaders of the moment realize that they hold relative power as a result of the fight itself and often don't want to "win". There's a whole lot of power when you can get someone to strap a bomb to themselves and set it off. The process of trying to get a movement like that to take a more responsible role is daunting at best. We've seen this in Palestine over and over. Whenever a group of leaders comes close to making a deal with Israel, another more radical group splinters off and continues the fight and the whole thing starts over.
I do think that it's dangerous to romanticize these sorts of acts. The problem is that it's exactly because we tend to have a soft spot for "revolutionaries" that many groups with far less admirable goals have adopted the techniques. They've figured out that if they fight using the methods of the revolutionary, they're far more likely to be viewed positively. Certainly, it increases their odds of people judging them by a double standard that gives them the edge. And so far, they've been right...