Marxism/Communism*
All private property is taken away from former owners (individuals) and are given to everyone in the nation equally (given to the government). All former private businesses are dissolved and all their assets given to the government. In practise that means given to the (single and only party, Communist Party) Government. Money stops being the primary means of distributing services and goods, that function is mainly taken over by the government, since everyone is supposed to be entitled to a perfectly equal share of the nation's resources and production.
In order to get things organised, Communes are created. People are assigned into a Commune, where they live and work together. (Communes consist of dozens to 100s of members.) Commune members do things together and for one another, like one huge extended household/family, in a life-long "working-bee". In order to capitalise on modern specialisation, technology and factory production, Communes specialise in producing a particular good or service in quantity, on top of the daily-life/maintenance stuff.
Every person in the nation is equally entitled to the productive outputs of Communes. There is a method of distribution made so that every citizen receives all the major goods and services during each year equal to the goods that every other citizen receives. Services are distributed according to need, with no payment made.... even house and road-building and medical care. The house builders and doctors/nurses are not paid a wage in money, either.
For example everyone might have an identity card. A Commune or groups of Communes specialise in producing shoes. All the shoes they make are sent to the Government, and the government then distributes out all the shoes fairly evenly to "shops" evenly spaced around the nation. Every citizen is then entitled to an equal share of shoes, for example 2 new pairs of shoes a year. They present their identity card, in exchange for the shoes.
The shoe "shop" workers (there are no owners) and the shoe factory workers (again no owners) don't receive any money for the shoes. They are not supposed to need any. They have their own identity cards, which entitle them to two pairs of shoes a year. Their cards entitle them, as citizens, to exactly the same ration of sugar, loaves of bread, cuts of meat, bags of vegetables, shoes, toilet paper, tooth-brushes, televisions, white-goods, and every other necessity of life, that every other citizen gets. Brand-names do not exist. differences in quality of goods are not supposed to exist as all communes share their best technology and blue-prints with each other, although there might be some variations in style from Commune to Commune.
Healthy adults of working age are required to put in a full working week with their Commune, either on their major specialty output, or on the daily needs of Commune members, or both. If they make an eclectic collection of any small individually crafted items on their own time, they are entitled to keep those for their own personal use, although technically all the items on Commune land belong to all commune members in common.
Upon adulthood every young person is assigned their own small appartment or house to live in rent-free. They don't own it, their Commune or government does. If they marry or co-habit they might be assigned a larger one. If they have children they are assigned a larger one with more bedrooms.
There are no such things as Shares, or Bonds, or mortgages, or car loans. People either go on a waiting list for a personal car, and recieve one free of charge when one is made for them, or they borrow the use of a car from the pool of cars that their Commune owns.
* I do not reguard the "Communist" states of Stalin's Russia or Mao's China as "real" Communism, as they were both warped badly by Totalitarian methods and many other agendas. While Marx's Communist ideal is much more lovely than what was done in reality supposedly in his name, I still wouldn't really like to live in one. Not unless most humans changed dramatically.
Edited, Oct 28th 2008 9:31am by Aripyanfar