I did recieve a classical education Smash. You'd lose that bet.
Unfortunately, it's *incredibly* difficult to simply pluck a quote from Locke's writings, due in part to language changes and also due to the way he layers assumption and logic. You can't just read a section and get a feel for what he means.
I did find
this posting on a board dedicated to the subject. It's a decent analysis of Locke's writings even though he doesn't actually go too specifically into the subject:
Quote:
I've noticed some confusion and misunderstanding of Locke's political philosophy, and I thought I'd take a moment to give a quick explanation of Locke's ideas.
Firstly, Locke considers the source of political power to be the social contract. This is an unwritten, unspoken idea that the civil government is granted political power to govern by the people. The people are not necessarily actively supporting the government, but by simply remaining under the government's rule citizens give their consent to the government to rule. The social contract goes both ways, however: the government is obligated to be just toward the people if the people are to support the government.
The "State of Nature" to which Locke refers is the basis of this social contract and his theory of government: the State of Nature is simply an idea to be used as a tool to explain the purpose of civil government. Locke thought that in order to define a just government, one must define a just government's duties, and in order to define a just government's duties one should look at a situation in which there is no civil government at all and reason as to why it was first created. Hobbes actually used this idea before Locke, but drew different conclusions from it: Hobbes said that the State of Nature was, in effect, a State of War between all men, and due to the fact that all men's selfishness reigned supreme, civil government was necessary to civilize man into not being so cutthroat and savage toward each other. Locke, instead, came up with a set of Natural Rights to which all men are entitled: life, liberty, and property. These are rights that are inalienable, and since everyone has a right to them they must be protected. However, since not everyone's rights could always be protected in the State of Nature, civil government was instituted to protect these natural rights, and this is the purpose of civil government.
Thus, Locke's social contract, and thus the tie-in to America's political dogma of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." (In case you're wondering why happiness instead of property, Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, thought that property was merely a means toward happiness, and decided that "the pursuit of happiness" would be more inclusive.)
Finally, one more important point in Locke's philosophy needs mentioning: that of just rebellion. Locke believed that, if the social contract was violated, and that the government did not uphold its duty to protect the citizens' natural rights, then it was the people's right, or even duty, to rebel against the unjust magistrate. This was what America's founding fathers found key in their struggle for independence: that what they were doing was right and necessary.
I hope this synopsis of Locke's political theories helps. Please respond if you have any questions, or even if you don't, because I don't like posting if no one responds (even if you just say what i wrote was interesting).
Dustin
He doesn't continue with a greater analysis of what it means to protect all three aspects (instead of just life as Hobbes primarily focused on), but it's significant. The key point is that we must always start with *only* the natural state (no government), and then add government only to the extent that it protects those three things. Later philosophers elaborate on the specific things that government can and should do in this context, but Locke was the first to really put forth the idea that government should be limited to only doing those things it's actually needed to do. Even Hobbes didn't go that far.
It's been a long time since I've read his work, but I do remember what it was about. How about you?
Edited, Jun 15th 2007 4:09pm by gbaji