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Well, I never meant to say that EVERY descendent of former slaves would be living in poverty in Africa, but I don't think it's unrealistic to say that for a many of them, their life (or socioeconmic status) would be worse. In other words, I think that if slavery didn't happen more of the people who are now "African-Americans" would be worse off.
As has been loosely touched on already, the vast majority of the descendents simply wouldn't have been born at all. Different sperm would have impregnated different eggs and those that were still, by chance, the same genetic person, would have been brought up in an entirely different environment.
But for the sake of your argument, it's hard to say outside of wild speculation. Myself and very possibly everyone participating in the discussion don't know enough about African history, social trends, land and climate, etc. to really even make an "educated" guess. Most of them are certainly better off in today's American than today's Africa; however, I don't think it's quite a leap of logic to guess that Africa would be a vastly different, stronger set of nations had it not been for slavery.
I think I saw someone mention 12 million Africans were shipped away... does anyone know roughly how many Africans inhabited the continent around that time?
I'm sure there's enough information worth deliberating on in this subject that you could immerse yourself in for a lifetime and still not be sure of the answer.