better laser capabilities
Particularly so as high power chemical lasers become smaller and more portable. Back in the 50s or 60s there was a technical demonstration where scientists had inflated a large red balloon, with a smaller blue balloon inflated inside of it. A laser was used to destroy the blue balloon without harming the red.
The military has always wanted some way to immobilize or eliminate the human operators of machinery and weaponry, while leaving the materiel in tact. It was one of the big drivers behind neutron bomb ideas (low explosive power, but super high radiation with a relatively fast halflife; kills humans quickly, leaves cities standing).
Another way lasers are being used is for missile defense work. Laugh it up, but I'm not talking about shooting ICBMs out of space (though there are projects in testing for that); I'm talking about MTHEL, the Mobile Theater High-Energy Laser.
MTHEL is a weapons platform featuring a chem. laser designed by the US married to a targeting system designed by the Israelis. The goal is to be able to acquire and destroy small projectile fire -- RPGs, mortars, short range rocketry, things like that. Initial tests suggested that they would be able to engage something like forty-five targets 'simultaneously' (within one second of each other, probably). Last I heard, they had the unit miniaturized enough to fit onto a Humvee.
- more use of unmanned aerial vehicles, drones, robotics
Anything that we can do to reduce the number of human bodies in the field during warfare is a Good Thing. Controlled robotics can be used for all kinds of activities, and honestly, they really should; it's tough to tell Mrs. Smith the reason that her darling boy had his legs blown off when entering a house is because taxpayers didn't want to pony up for a replacable robot to go in first.
There's a commercial company selling a product called (amusingly) iRobot - some of the tech that went into it was developed by the US Army. iRobot has been used to investigate booby-trapped hosues and such, and I think it can be used to disable explosive devices.
http://www.irobot.com/
- better sensor technology
One of the big trends in sensor tech is miniaturizing multi-spectrum sensors, then layering them together with some sophisticated software and ad-hoc networking capability.
We have these cool little devices that are being tested now; little cylinders, with a base smaller than your average soda can, total height of a couple inches. These can be loaded into cluster-bomb style canisters and released into a battlefield. After they land, the sensors scan the area for others like themselves and set up a network. They appoint one of their number as a gateway, which sets up communications back to Field HQ.
These scattered sensors kick back and watch for things of interest. They're capable of radar, millimeter-wave laser, magnetic sensing, and vibration sensing. When a tank rolls in range, they get a radar signature, vibration signature, mag signature, etc., and send it back to HQ. A computer at base compares the notes they're picking up to a list of known profiles, figures out which kind of tank it is, updates the rest of the battlefield solution. The sensor network tracks it, plotting distance, course, and speed (with more than three sensors you can perform on the fly signal triangulation, and with more than a few seconds of data, you can plot courses).
Sure beats having a guy sit in a tree with a pair of binoculars.
- Smartmines
Minefield tech has come a long way since its inception, and its uses remain clear; it's tough to beat a minefield for cheap, reliable perimiter security. The same goes for interdicting high traffic areas against enemy movement.
Mines have problems. Older mines are indiscriminate; they can't tell friend from foe. Worse, they lack any way to disable them after a conflict happens. That leads to situations such as the one in Serbia where an estimated two million landmines are believed to still be buried. People die out there on a fairly regular basis because some pedestrian locates undetonated ordnance. Mines tend to take a lot of flak from international organizations due to the danger they represent to non-combatants long after a battle is over.
We've been working on mines that use networking tech (like in the smart-sensor example above). Supposedly they'll be able to both identify friend from foe, possibly by being in communication with HQ (or by use of a transmitter broadcasting a FOF signal, like our fighter jets use). They're also supposed to be able to orient themselves after deployment, and to re-orient based on battlefield conditions.
i.e., you drop them out of an aircraft, they set themselves up into a configuration, and wait for an enemy. If some are detonated or disrupted, surviving mines re-deploy for maximum coverage. Automatically.
- `Super Soldier` work
No, nothing out of Captain America. We're always working on survivability for our troops.
Digital camoflauge has been suggested and implemented on a limited scale; if they can get the tech right, it should be able to shift your camo pattern to match the environment you're in.
More tools for battlefield awareness have been cropping up. I remember people were working on ways to enhance battlefield communications; comm-links in the helmets that kept you on a squad channel, a button you could toggle to establish line-of-sight communication with another soldier, stuff like that.
We've also been working on inserting health monitors of various kinds into battle uniforms. We want to know when soldiers are injured, if they're losing blood, if their heart rates are up, if they're becoming too fatigued to work.
Science is always hard at work for the military.
Edited, Wed Nov 23 16:59:24 2005 by Wingchild